{"id":2602,"date":"2022-09-30T09:13:29","date_gmt":"2022-09-30T06:13:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worknhuman.com\/?p=2602"},"modified":"2023-02-23T12:30:38","modified_gmt":"2023-02-23T09:30:38","slug":"gorunmez-emek-ev-isciligi-16-haziran-ev-isciligi-gunu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worknhuman.com\/en\/invisible-labor-housework-day-16-june-housework-day\/","title":{"rendered":"INVISIBLE LABOR: HOMEWORKING \u2013 JUNE 16th HOMEWORKING DAY"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Although domestic workers contribute significantly to the economy, their contribution is often ignored and remains invisible. Many domestic workers work long hours for low wages without legal guarantees and therefore face various risks both physically, psychologically and legally. In addition, they are exposed to sexual and verbal harassment at work and often cannot benefit from any protective mechanism against such harassment.<\/p>\n

Ev i\u015f\u00e7ileri; ILO taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ocuklar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar ve engelliler i\u00e7in temizlik, yemek pi\u015firme ve bak\u0131m, bah\u00e7e i\u015fleri, araba kullanma gibi de\u011fi\u015fken g\u00f6revleri yapan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fler de\u011fi\u015fken olmakla birlikte bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n ortak \u00f6zelli\u011fi i\u015f yerlerinin \u201cev\u201d olmas\u0131d\u0131r.[1]\u00a0 ILO 189 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u201cEv \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri i\u00e7in \u0130nsana Yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r \u0130\u015f\u201d S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin kabul tarihi olan 16 Haziran, D\u00fcnya Ev \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri G\u00fcn\u00fc olarak kutlanmaktad\u0131r. 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen ve 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe giren bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile Meksika, Brezilya, Bel\u00e7ika gibi bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede ev i\u015f\u00e7ileri yasal haklara sahip olmu\u015f ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131 iyile\u015fmi\u015ftir.[2]\u00a0D\u00fcnya genelinde ilerleme her ne kadar umut verici olsa da hen\u00fcz ev i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finde \u201c\u0130nsana Yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131 olu\u015fturulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda %76,2\u2019si kad\u0131n olan 15 ya\u015f ve \u00fczeri en az 75,6 milyon ki\u015finin ev i\u015f\u00e7isi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.[3]<\/sup>\u00a0Bu say\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun i\u00e7indeki oran\u0131 %4,5\u2019tir. \u00dclkeler \u00f6zelinde bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise Arap Emirliklerinde %14,8, Latin Amerika\u2019da %8,4 Avrupa ve Asya\u2019da ise bu oran %1\u2019dir. Her 10 ev i\u015f\u00e7isinden 8\u2019i ise kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 istihdam edilmektedir ve bu nedenle sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sistemlerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r. Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 istihdamda ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde %16 oran\u0131nda azalma ya\u015fanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ev i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finde kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 istihdam di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rlere g\u00f6re 2 kat yayg\u0131nd\u0131r ve %81,2 oran\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu say\u0131lar hala istenen d\u00fczeylerin \u00e7ok uza\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Gelir elde etme konusunda da ev i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi insani s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. ILO 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporda ev i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin %22\u2019si asgari \u00fccret uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n tamamen d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r ve minimum gelir d\u00fczeyinin alt\u0131ndaki \u00fccretlere \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ev i\u015f\u00e7ileri yaln\u0131zca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan haklar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda sorun ya\u015famamaktad\u0131r: Ayn\u0131 zamanda yasal bo\u015fluklar ve i\u015f tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n net olmamas\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli psikososyal risklerle de kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 ev i\u015f\u00e7isi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran ki\u015finin \u00f6znel ve ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olmayan taleplerde bulunmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r ve bu durum \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n psikolojik sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etmektedir. Japonya\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada y\u00fcksek i\u015f beklentisinin ev i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkiledi\u011fi bulunmu\u015ftur.[4]\u00a0\u00a0\u00d6te yandan ev i\u015f\u00e7ileri i\u015f olarak ev i\u015fi yapmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6zel hayatlar\u0131nda da kendi ev i\u015flerinin s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Bu iki i\u015f aras\u0131nda denge kuramamalar\u0131 durumunda ise stres ya\u015famalar\u0131 y\u00fcksek bir ihtimaldir. Ev i\u015f\u00e7isi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde ev i\u015flerinin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda e\u015fitsizlik bulunan ve kad\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla ev i\u015flerinin sorumlulu\u011funu ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7iftlerde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n psikolojik iyi olu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n olumsuz etkilendi\u011fi bulunmu\u015ftur.[5]\u00a0Cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi \u00f6zelinde de de\u011ferlendirilebilecek bu konu ev i\u015f\u00e7isi kad\u0131nlar\u0131n daha fazla stres riski ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.[6]\u00a0Ayr\u0131ca ev i\u015f\u00e7ileri bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok uzun saatler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Kuveyt’te ev i\u015f\u00e7ileri haftada ortalama 78-100 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Nepal\u2019de ise g\u00fcnde 12 saatin \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.[7]\u00a0Halbuki haftal\u0131k 30 saatin \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n psikososyal a\u00e7\u0131dan iyi olu\u015fu olumsuz etkilemektedir.\u00a0[8]<\/p>\n

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SUGGESTIONS FOR HOME WORKING TO BE A SAFE WORKPLACE<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ev i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finde insani ve yasal standartlar\u0131n getirilmesi ba\u015fta ILO olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015fun ve \u00fclkenin \u00f6ncelikli beklentisidir. Bu kapsamda \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmakta ve bu i\u015f alan\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6neriler getirilmektedir. ILO\u2019nun \u00f6nerilerinin de yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ev i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi mesle\u011finin geli\u015febilmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacak baz\u0131 \u00f6neriler \u015fu \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlenebilir.[9],[10],[11]<\/sup><\/p>\n