<\/p>\n
\nCOVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 ile \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi (\u0130SG) sistemlerinin i\u015f hayat\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 konusundaki \u00f6nemi bir kez daha g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Her a\u015famas\u0131 tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f ve kurum k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc haline getirilmi\u015f bir \u0130SG sistemi i\u015f hayat\u0131n\u0131n krizleri en az zararla atlatmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u0130SG sistemi ise merkezi y\u00f6netimlerin, \u0130SG uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n, kalite denet\u00e7ilerinin, toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve ilgili di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n i\u015f birli\u011fi ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u0130SG k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne sahip bir i\u015f yerinde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u015f yerindeki olas\u0131 \u0130SG riskleri veya tehlikeleri hakk\u0131nda endi\u015felerini dile getirme konusunda kendilerini rahat hissederler ve y\u00f6netim; uygun, etkili ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bulmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarla i\u015f birli\u011fi yapma konusunda uygun y\u00f6ntemlere hakimdir. [1]<\/sup><\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (ILO) i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011finin \u00f6nemini vurgulamak ve k\u00fcresel i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi standartlar\u0131n\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve savunuculu\u011funu yapmak ad\u0131na 2003\u2019den beri 28 Nisan\u2019\u0131 D\u00fcnya \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi G\u00fcn\u00fc (World Day for Safety and Health at Work) olarak kutlamaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn bu seneki temas\u0131 \u201cKat\u0131l\u0131m ve Sosyal Diyalogun \u00d6nemi\u201d olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. ILO kal\u0131c\u0131, kapsay\u0131c\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u0130SG sisteminin ancak merkezi y\u00f6netimlerin ve sosyal ortaklar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Sosyal diyalog yaln\u0131zca \u0130SG politika ve stratejilerinin geli\u015ftirilmesine katk\u0131da bulunmamaktad\u0131r, ayn\u0131 zamanda sahiplenilmesini ve ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n daha etkin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 da sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n
\nD\u00fcnya \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi G\u00fcn\u00fc 2022: <\/strong>B\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl Bir Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve G\u00fcvenlik K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc Olu\u015fturmak<\/a><\/p>\n
\nSosyal Diyalog ve \u0130SG Standartlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7inde Psikolojik Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve G\u00fcvenlik<\/strong><\/h1>\n
\u0130\u015f yerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan riskler fiziksel risklerden, g\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma risklerine kadar bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ktan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu risk ve tehlikeler \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralanabilir: [3]<\/sup><\/p>\n
\n
- Yeni teknolojiler ve \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, \u00f6rne\u011fin ak\u0131ll\u0131 makineler, uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, sanal ger\u00e7eklik<\/li>\n
- Yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerle artan i\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011fu, g\u00f6\u00e7le ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc ko\u015fullar, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fler<\/li>\n
- Yeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan istihdam bi\u00e7imleri, \u00f6rne\u011fin serbest \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, d\u0131\u015f kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131, ge\u00e7ici s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir sa\u011fl\u0131k perspektifinden de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde bu risk ve tehlikeler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca fiziksel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkilemez. Di\u011fer etkilerinin de incelendi\u011fi bir d\u00fczlemde kapsaml\u0131 \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. Bir s\u00fcre \u00f6ncesine kadar \u0130SG denildi\u011finde akla yaln\u0131zca fiziksel sa\u011fl\u0131k gelmekteydi. Ancak son y\u0131llarda sa\u011fl\u0131k kavram\u0131na bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi ve fiziksel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ki\u015finin iyi olu\u015funda yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ile \u0130SG sistemlerine yeni boyutlar\u0131n eklenmesi zorunlulu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[4]<\/sup> 1959\u2019dan beri \u00f6zellikle yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda psikososyal riskler ba\u011flam\u0131nda konu\u015fulan psikolojik sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenlik son y\u0131llarda \u0130SG standartlar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015f yerinde Psikolojik Sa\u011fl\u0131k ki\u015finin stres fakt\u00f6rleriyle ile ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kabildi\u011fi, \u00fcretken bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabildi\u011fi iyilik hali, Psikolojik G\u00fcvenlik ise i\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131nda imaj\u0131n\u0131n, stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn veya kariyerinin olumsuz etkilenmesinden korkmadan kendini g\u00f6sterebilmesi ve potansiyelini kullanabilmesidir.[5]<\/sup> Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir i\u015f yeri, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve esenli\u011fi geli\u015ftiren kurum k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc olu\u015fturmak ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenliklerini tehdit eden her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tehlikeden korunmas\u0131na odaklanmakla ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n genel iyi olu\u015fu psikososyal fakt\u00f6rlerle yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkilidir ve \u0130SG kapsam\u0131n\u0131n bu y\u00f6nde geni\u015fletilmesi gerekmektedir.[6][7] <\/sup>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n psikolojik sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenliklerinin (PSG) korunabilmesi yine i\u015f yerlerinin \u0130SG sorumluluklar\u0131 alt\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Ancak i\u015f yerlerinin PSG sistemlerini kurabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle bunun yasalar ve mevzuatlarla \u00e7er\u00e7evesinin \u00e7izilmesi gerekmektedir. 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan ISO 45003: \u0130\u015fyerinde Psikolojik Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve G\u00fcvenlik Standartlar\u0131 i\u015f yerinde PSG uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulan ilk standartlar olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir.[<\/a>8]<\/a> <\/sup>PSG\u2019nin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, kurumlarca benimsenmesi ve uygulamalar\u0131n planlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bu standartlar bir giri\u015f niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. PSG \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm \u0130SG \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na entegre edilmesi ve \u0130SG uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olabilmesi i\u00e7in ilgili t\u00fcm akt\u00f6rlerce ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde \u0130SG profesyonelleri aras\u0131nda end\u00fcstriyel i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 psikologlar\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. Avusturalya ve Kanada da \u0130SG profesyonelleri multidisipliner bir e\u011fitim almakta ve alanlar\u0131nda \u00f6zelle\u015fmektedir[9]<\/sup>. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise sekt\u00f6rlere \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve PSG \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r. Kurumlar insiyatif alarak bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapabilmektedir ve bu alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir e\u011fitim program\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca PSG \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan uzman say\u0131s\u0131 olduk\u00e7a azd\u0131r. Psikolojik sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenlik sistemlerinin D\u00fcnya ve T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7ap\u0131nda standart bir uygulama haline gelmesi ve yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. ILO D\u00fcnya \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi G\u00fcn\u00fc 2022 temas\u0131na uygun olarak Psikolojik Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve G\u00fcvenlik uzmanlar\u0131 \u0130SG\u2019yi geli\u015ftirecek sosyal a\u011f\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 kabul edilmelidir. PSG \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da bu kapsamda \u0130SG sistemi i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u0130SG sistemi insan\u0131 her boyutu ile ele alan b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir diyalogla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
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\n[1] Nations, U. (2022). World Day for Safety and Health at Work<\/em>. United Nations. https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/observances\/work-safety-day<\/p>\n
[2] ILO. (2022). High-level virtual discussion on acting together to build a positive safety and health culture<\/em>. Www.ilo.org. https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/topics\/safety-and-health-at-work\/events-training\/events-meetings\/world-day-safety-health-at-work\/WCMS_841448\/lang–en\/index.htm<\/p>\n
[3] Nations, U. (2022). World Day for Safety and Health at Work<\/em>. United Nations. https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/observances\/work-safety-day<\/p>\n
[4] ISO. (2021). ISO 45003:2021<\/em>. ISO. https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/64283.html<\/p>\n
[5] International Labour Organization (2020). \u0130\u015f Yerinde Stres: Ortak Bir Zorluk.(N Human Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k, \u00c7ev.) \u0130zmir: N Human Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 (Orijinal Bas\u0131m Tarihi 2016) ISSN: 9786050646801<\/p>\n
[6] Chari, R., Chang, C. C., Sauter, S. L., Sayers, E. L. P., Cerully, J. L., Schulte, P., … & Uscher-Pines, L. (2018). Expanding the paradigm of occupational safety and health a new framework for worker well-being. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine<\/em>, 60<\/em>(7), 589.<\/p>\n
[7] Goetzel, R. Z., Roemer, E. C., Holingue, C., Fallin, M. D., McCleary, K., Eaton, W., … & Mattingly, C. R. (2018). Mental health in the workplace: A call to action proceedings from the mental health in the workplace: Public health summit. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine<\/em>, 60<\/em>(4), 322.<\/p>\n
[8] ISO. (2021). ISO 45003:2021<\/em>. ISO. https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/64283.html<\/p>\n
[9] U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (1999). The Occupational Health Professional\u2019s Services and Qualifications: Questions and Answers. https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/Publications\/osha3160.pdf<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n