{"id":2554,"date":"2022-09-30T08:27:59","date_gmt":"2022-09-30T05:27:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worknhuman.com\/?p=2554"},"modified":"2023-02-23T12:34:24","modified_gmt":"2023-02-23T09:34:24","slug":"dijital-calisma-duzeninde-calisan-psikolojisi-2-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worknhuman.com\/en\/digital-work-in-order-worker-psychology-2-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Employee Psychology in the Digital Work Order"},"content":{"rendered":"

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D\u0130J\u0130TAL \u00c7ALI\u015eMA D\u00dcZEN\u0130NDE \u00c7ALI\u015eAN PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

2000\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren teknoloji i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda giderek yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dijitalle\u015fme, yenilik ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u00e7in itici bir g\u00fc\u00e7 haline gelmi\u015ftir. COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 ile de dijitalle\u015fmeye yabanc\u0131 olmayan i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde dijital ara\u00e7lar\u0131 t\u00fcm sekt\u00f6rlerde kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla beraber dijital \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fekilleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dijital \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni, uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131labilen bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fekli olup \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n ofis d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da \u00e7e\u015fitli teknolojik ara\u00e7larla i\u015flerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmesi ve\/veya ekibiyle bu ara\u00e7lar \u00fczerinden koordine olmas\u0131 olarak \u00e7er\u00e7evelendirilebilir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015feklinin teknik konular, h\u0131z, bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131, evde olmaktan kaynakl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 etkileyen mali riskler gibi konulardaki avantaj ve dezavantajlar\u0131 halen ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmakta ve ke\u015ffedilmektedir. Dijitalle\u015fme, kurulu\u015flardaki bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u015feklinin de\u011fi\u015fmesine ve dijital temas\u0131n artmas\u0131na sebep olmaktad\u0131r. Microsoft’un\u00a02021 \u0130\u015f E\u011filimi Endeksi, 31 \u00fclkede 30.000’den fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anket sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re dijital ara\u00e7lar \u00fczerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ciddi bir art\u0131\u015f s\u00f6z konusudur. Art\u0131\u015f verileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer almaktad\u0131r.[1]<\/p>\n

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%148\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0%45\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 %66<\/strong><\/p>\n

Toplant\u0131\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dijital yaz\u0131\u015fma\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Online belge \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/p>\n

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\u015eekil 1:<\/strong>\u00a0Salg\u0131n Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan sonra dijital ortamdaki toplant\u0131 tutanaklar\u0131n\u0131n ve ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 sohbetin de\u011fi\u015fimi[2]<\/p>\n

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Dijitalle\u015fmenin artmas\u0131 ile dijitalle\u015fmenin ve uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n psikolojik etkilerinin ele al\u0131nma zorunlulu\u011fu do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Dijitalle\u015fme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli avantaj ve dezavantajl\u0131 durumlara neden olmaktad\u0131r. Dijitalle\u015fmenin avantajlar\u0131 ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n kendi \u00f6zel alanlar\u0131nda istedikleri d\u00fczende \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilme imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131nda bir avantaj oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00f6zel alanlar\u0131nda rahat edebilecekleri ortamlar\u0131 ve esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczenlerini kurgulayabilmesi\u00a0iyi olu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu avantajl\u0131 durum baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re ayl\u0131k fazladan bir tam g\u00fcnl\u00fck verim sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.[3]<\/p>\n

Dijital \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeninde i\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesi incelenen bir di\u011fer konudur. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dijital \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni baz\u0131 durumlarda \u00f6zel hayat\u0131 olumlu etkilerken baz\u0131 durumlarda i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesinde bozulmalara neden olmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle dijital ara\u00e7lar ile uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mek\u00e2n ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle i\u015f ile ev aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n kalkmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar bu sebeple \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ge\u00e7 b\u0131rakmakta veya i\u015f saatlerinin bitti\u011fini hissedememektedir. Ayr\u0131ca evde bak\u0131mlar\u0131ndan sorumlu olduklar\u0131 aile \u00fcyeleri oldu\u011funda i\u015f s\u00fcre\u00e7leri aksamakta ve bundan kaynakl\u0131 olarak stres ya\u015fanabilmektedir.[4]\u00a0Bu durum toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da risk olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.[5]\u00a0Kad\u0131nlar dijital \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00f6neminde erkeklere oranla daha fazla i\u015f-aile \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve strese maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[6],[7]<\/sup>\u00a0Ayr\u0131ca yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar dijital ekiplerin organizasyonuna ve ileti\u015fimine dair de yeni bilgiler vermektedir.\u00a0 Ekip i\u00e7erisinde e-postalar ve toplant\u0131lar artt\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesindeki bozulmalar\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131, iyi olu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Dijital ekiplerde i\u015f birli\u011fine ayr\u0131lan s\u00fcrenin yan\u0131nda odaklanmaya ayr\u0131lan s\u00fcrenin de planlanmas\u0131 bu sebeple \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r.[8]\u00a0Dijital \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131nda olumlu etkilerinden biri ise, ev-i\u015f aras\u0131ndaki yolun ortadan kalkmas\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n yolda zaman kaybetmemesi, dinlenme ve sosyal ya\u015fam i\u00e7in daha uzun s\u00fcre vakit ay\u0131rabilme imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulabilmesidir.[9]\u00a0Bu durum \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n psikolojik iyi olu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 olumlu etkilemektedir.<\/p>\n

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COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk d\u00f6nemlerde ya\u015fanan dijitalle\u015fme, i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f \u015fekilleri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczenlerinde de de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe neden olmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015flarda h\u0131z yaratan ve olumlu olarak de\u011ferlendirilen bu durum zamanla \u00e7e\u015fitli risk fakt\u00f6rlerinin tespitiyle yerini temkinli olma gereklili\u011fine b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dijitalle\u015fme ile gelen yo\u011fun \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i toplant\u0131lar, raporlar ve dijital g\u00f6revler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n dijital yorgunluk ve t\u00fckenmi\u015flik ya\u015famalar\u0131na sebep olmaktad\u0131r.[10]\u00a0Ayr\u0131ca uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile alkol t\u00fcketim miktar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar mevcuttur ve bu durum \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etmektedir.[11]\u00a0Salg\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yeni olu\u015fan durumun verdi\u011fi heyecanla artan yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve tazelik yerini giderek sessizli\u011fe, ileti\u015fim kopmalar\u0131na ve yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalmas\u0131na b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar uzakta \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 zamanlarda sosyal alanlardan da uzak kald\u0131klar\u0131 ve izole olma duygusu ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[12]\u00a0Bu durum psikolojik sa\u011fl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131nda risk yaratmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinde i\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ba\u015fka konularla ilgilendikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n %24\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcnde 3 saatten az \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131 aktiviteler sebebi ile planlanan i\u015fi bitiremedikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[13]\u00a0Bu durum hem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan motivasyonunu hem de verimlili\u011fini olumsuz etkilemektedir.<\/p>\n

Dijital \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131 her ne kadar salg\u0131n ile i\u015f hayat\u0131na h\u0131zl\u0131 bir giri\u015f yapsa bile kal\u0131c\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Bu sebeple avantajlar\u0131ndan faydalan\u0131p, dezavantajlar\u0131n\u0131n elimine edilmesi i\u00e7in kurulu\u015flar\u0131n yeni planlamalara ve insan kaynaklar\u0131 departmanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmelere ihtiya\u00e7 olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

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ILO (Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc) ve WHO\u2019nun (D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc) haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 teknik \u00f6zette[14]\u00a0uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine y\u00f6nelik a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kilit mesajlar \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u2022 Tele \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u2013 bilgi ve ileti\u015fim teknolojisini kullanarak uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prati\u011fi, i\u015fyerinde \u00f6nemli ve b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir role sahiptir ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve esenli\u011fi \u00fczerinde potansiyel bir etkiye sahiptir.<\/p>\n

\u2022 D\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde organize edildi\u011finde ve y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma fiziksel ve zihinsel sa\u011fl\u0131k ve sosyal refah i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 olabilir. \u0130\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesini iyile\u015ftirebilir, trafi\u011fi ve i\u015fe gidip gelmek i\u00e7in harcanan zaman\u0131 azaltabilir ve hava kirlili\u011fini azaltabilir, bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc dolayl\u0131 olarak fiziksel ve zihinsel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyile\u015ftirebilir. Tele-\u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ayr\u0131ca halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sosyal faydalar\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131, geleneksel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sahalar\u0131nda mevcut olan i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi standartlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamayabilir.<\/p>\n

\u2022 K\u00f6t\u00fc fiziksel ortam ve i\u015fyeri tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve yetersiz ekipman ve destek, kas-iskelet sistemi rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131na, g\u00f6z yorgunlu\u011funa ve yaralanmalara neden olabilir.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Dijital bir ortamda, i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan fiziksel olarak izole bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, i\u015fverenin do\u011frudan kontrol\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki tesislerde i\u015f-\u00f6zel ya\u015fam dengesini y\u00f6netmede olas\u0131 zorluklarla birle\u015fti\u011finde, ak\u0131l sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131na ve sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015flara neden olabilir.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve iyi olu\u015fun korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi, i\u015fin yeterli \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmesi de dahil olmak \u00fczere sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 bir dizi \u00f6nlemi gerektirir.<\/p>\n

\u2022 H\u00fck\u00fcmetler, i\u015fverenler ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin t\u00fcm\u00fc, tele-\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fin korunmas\u0131nda ve geli\u015ftirilmesinde rol oynar; ILO \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, 1981 ve \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in Te\u015fvik \u00c7er\u00e7eve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, 2006.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan istihdam edenler, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 te\u015fvik edecek programlar geli\u015ftirmelidir.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Bu t\u00fcr programlar, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in risk fakt\u00f6rlerinin de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve y\u00f6netilmesi i\u00e7in yard\u0131m sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r; i\u015f istasyonu, bilgisayar, ekipmanlar ve uzaktan bilgi ve ileti\u015fim teknolojileri deste\u011fi.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0130\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetleri ergonomik destek, ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 deste\u011fi ve psikososyal destek sunabilir.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler, tele-\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in uygun ve g\u00fcvenli ko\u015fullar\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in bu \u00f6nlemlerin uygulanmas\u0131nda i\u015fverenlerle i\u015f birli\u011fi yapmal\u0131, i\u015fverenleriyle birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ve kendi sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirmelidir.<\/p>\n

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[1]\u00a0Microsoft, (2021).\u00a0\u00a0\u0130\u015f E\u011filimi Endeksi<\/em>.\u00a0https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/worklab\/work-trend-index\/hybrid-work<\/a><\/p>\n

[2]\u00a0Microsoft, (2021).\u00a0\u00a0\u0130\u015f E\u011filimi Endeksi<\/em>.\u00a0https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/worklab\/work-trend-index\/hybrid-work<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]\u00a0Delliotte, (2020).\u00a0Remote Work, New Norm.<\/em>\u00a0https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/content\/dam\/Deloitte\/gh\/Documents\/human-capital\/gh-remote-work-the-new-normal.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]\u00a0Galanti, T., Guidetti, G., Mazzei, E., Zappal\u00e0, S., & Toscano, F. (2021). Work from home during the COVID-19 outbreak: The impact on employees\u2019 remote work productivity, engagement, and stress.\u00a0Journal of occupational and environmental medicine<\/em>,\u00a063<\/em>(7), e426.<\/p>\n

[5]\u00a0Atkinson C, Hall L.\u00a0The role of gender in varying forms of flexible working.\u00a0Gender Work Organ<\/em>\u00a02009;\u00a016:650\u2013666.<\/p>\n

[6]\u00a0Galanti T, Cortini M. (2019)\u00a0Work as a recovery factor after earthquake: a mixed-method study on female workers.\u00a0Disaster Prev Manag An Int J<\/em>;\u00a028:487\u2013500.<\/p>\n

[7]\u00a0Gajendran, R. S., & Harrison, D. A. (2007). The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences.\u00a0Journal of applied psychology<\/em>,\u00a092<\/em>(6), 1524.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/sup>\u00a0Microsoft. (2021). The Next Great Disruption Is Hybrid Work\u2014Are We Ready? www.microsoft.com.\u00a0https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/worklab\/work-trend-index\/hybrid-work<\/a><\/p>\n

[9]\u00a0Rigotti, T., Yang, L., Jiang, Z., Newman, A., De Cuyper, N., & Sekiguchi, T. (2021). Work\u2010Related Psychosocial Risk Factors and Coping Resources during the COVID\u201019 Crisis. Applied Psychology, 70(1), 3\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apps.12307<\/p>\n

[10]\u00a0Mostafa, B. A. (2021).\u00a0The effect of remote working on employees wellbeing and work-life integration during pandemic in Egypt<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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[12]\u00a0Toscano F, Zappal\u00e0 S.\u00a0Social isolation and stress as predictors of productivity perception and remote work satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of concern about the virus in a moderated double mediation.<\/p>\n

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[14]\u00a0World Health Organization. (2022). Healthy and safe telework: Technical brief. World Health Organization. Retrieved April 14, 2022, from\u00a0https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail-redirect\/9789240040977<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n