{"id":2475,"date":"2022-09-30T07:35:31","date_gmt":"2022-09-30T04:35:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worknhuman.com\/?p=2475"},"modified":"2023-11-08T16:57:19","modified_gmt":"2023-11-08T13:57:19","slug":"is-ve-yasam-dengesi-is-yeri-stratejileri-ve-politikalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worknhuman.com\/en\/work-and-life-balance-work-place-strategies-and-policies\/","title":{"rendered":"Work and Life Balance; Workplace Strategies and Policies"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130\u015e VE YA\u015eAM DENGES\u0130; \u0130\u015e YER\u0130 STRATEJ\u0130LER\u0130 VE POL\u0130T\u0130KALAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6ZET<\/strong><\/p>\n

Son y\u0131llarda teknoloji ile ilgili h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015flerine evden\/uzaktan eri\u015fimi ile ilgili kolayl\u0131klar i\u015f ve ya\u015fam dengesi konusunun daha fazla g\u00fcndeme gelmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015f ve ya\u015fam dengesi konusu 1800\u2019lerin sonunda ilk kez dile getirilmi\u015f, 1970 ve 80\u2019lerde kariyer ve aile hayat\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki dengeyi ifade etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O tarihten g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde g\u00fcndeme gelen i\u015f ve ya\u015fam dengesi konusunda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar i\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki denge ya da dengesizli\u011fin nedenleri ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerine pek \u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapm\u0131\u015f, uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7inse bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar pek \u00e7ok e\u011fitim ve fark\u0131ndal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n konusu olmu\u015ftur. \u0130\u015f ya\u015fam dengesi konusu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan i\u015f yerine ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k, i\u015f tatmini ve motivasyonu \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli etkileri olan, bu denge sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise pek \u00e7ok psikolojik ve fiziksel sa\u011fl\u0131k sorununu da beraberinde getiren bir konudur. Ayr\u0131ca i\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesinin motivasyona ve verimlili\u011fe etkisi ile ilgili yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar i\u015fverenlerin de bu konuya dikkatini \u00e7ekmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve verimlili\u011fi i\u00e7in politikalar ve denge stratejileri olu\u015fturmak neredeyse bir zorunluluk haline gelmi\u015f, baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ise yasa ve y\u00f6netmeliklerde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar hem de \u00f6rg\u00fctler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirilmesi gereken bu konu; bu makalede i\u015f ve ya\u015fam dengesinin anlam\u0131, tarihi geli\u015fim s\u00fcreci, i\u015f ya\u015fam \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve bu konuda geli\u015ftirilebilecek i\u015f yeri politikalar\u0131 ve stratejileri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirilecektir.<\/p>\n

Anahtar kelimeler:<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesi, tarih\u00e7e, i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesi stratejileri, i\u015f yeri standartlar\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0130\u015f ve ya\u015fam dengesi nedir?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f ya\u015fam dengesi; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131n son d\u00f6nemlerde en \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan kavramlar\u0131ndan birisidir. Bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n genel olarak nedenlerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dengenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n zorluklar\u0131 ve dengenin hem i\u015fverenler hem de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7abas\u0131 ile ancak ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilecek olmas\u0131 ve bilgi-ileti\u015fim teknolojisindeki geli\u015fmeler ile birlikte i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n azalmas\u0131 konular\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f ya\u015fam dengesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, ki\u015finin kendisine ve ya\u015fam kalitesine kar\u015f\u0131 bir sorumlulu\u011fu olarak de\u011ferlendirilse bile, i\u015f ve ya\u015fam dengesini sa\u011flama konusunda i\u015fveren y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri de do\u011fmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin d\u00fczensizli\u011fi, vardiyal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sistemi, rol belirsizli\u011fi, rol \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011finin olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya da az i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc, \u00fccretin yetersiz olmas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131ndan kaynaklanan fiziksel etmenler gibi \u00e7ok say\u0131da fakt\u00f6r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar \u00fczerinde olumsuz etkiye neden olmakta ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etmektedir.\u00a0Bu ve buna benzer unsurlar i\u015f ve ya\u015fam dengesinde zorlanmalar\u0131 da beraberinde getirmekte, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n alacaklar\u0131 bireysel \u00f6nlemler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kurumsal politikalar\u0131 da zorunlu hale getirmektedir. Objektif anlamda i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesi; sa\u011fl\u0131k, kariyer ve \u00f6zel ya\u015famda ba\u015far\u0131 olarak nitelendirilirken, s\u00fcbjektif anlamda; i\u015f ve ki\u015fisel ya\u015fam alan\u0131nda memnuniyet olarak nitelendirilmektedir.\u00a0 G\u00fcncel olarak Friedman ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 (2019) i\u015f ve ya\u015fam dengesini; “i\u015f” (kariyer ve h\u0131rs) ve “ya\u015fam tarz\u0131” (sa\u011fl\u0131k, zevk, bo\u015f zaman, aile ve ruhsal geli\u015fim) aras\u0131nda uygun \u00f6nceliklendirmeyi i\u00e7eren bir kavram olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Son y\u0131llarda bilgi-ileti\u015fim teknolojilerindeki geli\u015fmeler ve mobil eri\u015fimin artmas\u0131; i\u015f ve ya\u015fam kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n giderek daha fazla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e olmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Teknoloji kullan\u0131m\u0131, bireyin i\u015f ve ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki dengeye ili\u015fkin esneklik ve ge\u00e7irgenlik alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendiren ana fakt\u00f6rlerden biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n teknolojik kolayl\u0131k nedeniyle ki\u015fisel zamanlar\u0131nda daha fazla i\u015f yapmaya y\u00f6neldikleri baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ise i\u015f ve \u00f6zel ya\u015fam konusunda daha kat\u0131 bir ayr\u0131m yapabildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tarih\u00e7esi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesi kavram\u0131n\u0131 ve bu konuda yap\u0131lan fark\u0131ndal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 daha fazla duyuyor olsak bile, i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesi kavram\u0131 \u00e7ok eskilere dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fyerinde harcanan zaman\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 fikri, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131 1800’lerin sonundaki \u00fcretim yasalar\u0131na kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r. 1938’de Adil \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Standartlar\u0131 Yasas\u0131 ile 44 saatlik bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 olu\u015fturulmu\u015f, 1980’lerin Kad\u0131n Kurtulu\u015f Hareketi, i\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesini yeniden \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1980\u2019ler kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne dahil olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma program\u0131 ve do\u011fum izninin yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlar olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, bu kavram sadece kad\u0131nlara y\u00f6nelik kullan\u0131l\u0131rken kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hem kariyerlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi hem de aile ve evin birincil y\u00f6netimine devam etmesi beklenmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, bu faydalar ve fikirler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan erkekleri ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131 kapsayacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fletilmi\u015f, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n mesleki ve ki\u015fisel ya\u015famlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda denge kurmak, i\u015f programlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmede daha fazla esneklik ile i\u015f ve ya\u015famdan duyulan memnuniyeti art\u0131rma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda anahtar bir kavram haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u015eu an gelinen a\u015famada i\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesi ayn\u0131 zamanda multimilyon dolarl\u0131k bir end\u00fcstri olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Raja ve Stein (2014) i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gerekli olan maliyet ve b\u00fct\u00e7eyi inceledikleri bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada \u00a0“\u0130\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesi” i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan bir Google aramas\u0131n\u0131n, i\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesi ara\u00e7lar\u0131, bilimsel makaleler ve dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k \u015firketlerine y\u00f6nelik ba\u011flant\u0131lar dahil 296.000.000’den fazla sonu\u00e7 getirdi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.\u00a0Bu veri i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesinin zaman i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli kavramlardan biri oldu\u011funu da bize g\u00f6stermekte, konu ile ilgili i\u015f yeri politikalar\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 durumunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar kendi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerini \u00fcretmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta, i\u015f yerleri ise nitelikli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n istihdamda tutulabilmesi i\u00e7in form\u00fcller aramakta ya da olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130\u015f ya\u015fam \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 neledir?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan devir h\u0131z\u0131, stres, i\u015f tatmini ve \u00fcretkenlik gibi \u00f6nemli i\u015fyeri sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 etkileme potansiyeline sahip bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr.\u00a0Uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri ve olduk\u00e7a stresli i\u015fler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015f ve aile ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 uyumlu hale getirme becerilerini engellemekle kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda artan sigara ve alkol t\u00fcketimi, kilo al\u0131m\u0131 ve depresyon gibi sa\u011fl\u0131k riskleriyle de ili\u015fkilendirilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Duxbury ve Higgins (2003) taraf\u0131ndan Kanadal\u0131lar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, her 4 Kanadal\u0131dan 1’inin, i\u015f sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n evdeki sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirme becerilerini engelledi\u011fini bildirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\u00a0Ayn\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmada i\u015f-ya\u015fam \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 genel olarak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 rol y\u00fcklemesi, rol m\u00fcdahalesi ve bak\u0131c\u0131 gerginli\u011fini i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rol m\u00fcdahalesi iki fakt\u00f6rden olu\u015facak \u015fekilde kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ailenin i\u015fe ve i\u015fin aileye m\u00fcdahalesinin \u00fczerinde durulmu\u015ftur. \u0130lk durumda, aile rol\u00fc sorumluluklar\u0131 i\u015fyerinde performans\u0131 engelledi\u011finde (\u00f6rne\u011fin \u00e7ocu\u011fun hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fe gitmeyi engellemesi; evde \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, i\u015fte konsantrasyonu zorla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 gibi), ikinci durumda, i\u015f talepleri i\u015fleri zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fcdahale (\u00f6rne\u011fin, i\u015fte uzun saatlerin \u00e7ocu\u011funun spor kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemesi; i\u015f rol\u00fc ile fazla me\u015fgul olman\u0131n aile hayat\u0131ndan aktif bir zevk almay\u0131 \u00f6nlemesi gibi) ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, ya\u015fl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kesimindeki insanlar ge\u00e7mi\u015fe g\u00f6re daha uzun s\u00fcre \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 i\u015f d\u00fczenlemelerine ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015flerdir.\u00a0\u00d6zellikle kad\u0131nlara y\u00f6nelik ev i\u00e7i rollerde beklentinin daha y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131; kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuk bak\u0131m\u0131, ya\u015fl\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131 gibi i\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131 faaliyetlere erkeklerden daha fazla saat ay\u0131rmas\u0131 ve ev i\u015fleri gibi birincil sorumlulu\u011fun kad\u0131nlar \u00fczerinde daha y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilendirilebilmektedir. Genel olarak kad\u0131nlar\u0131n erkeklerden daha y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde i\u015f-aile \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yor oldu\u011fu bilinse bile, erkekler taraf\u0131ndan da i\u015f-ya\u015fam \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan i\u015f ya\u015fam \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ile ili\u015fkilendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

2019 sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren \u00c7in\u2019in Wuhan eyaletinde ba\u015flayan ve t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131na alan COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131; mesafe tedbirleri, evden\/uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma se\u00e7enekleri ile i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesi konusu yeni bir boyut kazanm\u0131\u015f, i\u015f ve ya\u015fam dengesini korumak, salg\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131nda daha da zor hale gelmi\u015f, \u00f6zellikle uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma se\u00e7enekleri ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n hafta sonlar\u0131n\u0131 ve\u00a0i\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131 zamanlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015ften ay\u0131rt etmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bir yandan hastal\u0131k ile fiziksel ve zihinsel m\u00fccadale etmek, evden\/uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 daha da zorla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, evde bak\u0131m verme (\u00e7ocuk, ya\u015fl\u0131, engelli, hasta vb) sorumlulu\u011fu olan ki\u015filer \u00f6zellikle de kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir psikososyal risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ki\u015filer \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i platformlardan uzak kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir \u015feyleri ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131yormu\u015f\u0327 gibi hissetmekle beraber her \u015feye yeti\u015fme ve her \u015feyden haberdar olma kayg\u0131s\u0131yla birlikte bu durum \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in daha fazla zorla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130LO (Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc) rakamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6zellikle bu durum T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kad\u0131n\u0131n istihdam\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Cov\u0131d-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 ile birlikte istihdamdaki bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, i\u015f ve ya\u015fam dengesi konusunu toplumsal cinsiyet oda\u011f\u0131nda yeniden ele alman\u0131n gereklili\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. \u0130\u015f ve \u00f6zel ya\u015fam dengesi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n psikolojik ve fiziksel sa\u011fl\u0131k zorlanmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra, \u00fcretkenlik ve i\u015f verimlili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da sorunlar yaratan, istihdamdan kopmaya kadar giden bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130\u015f yeri politikalar\u0131 ve stratejiler<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesinin motivasyona ve verimlili\u011fe etkisi ile ilgili yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar i\u015fverenlerin de bu konuya dikkatini \u00e7ekmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve verimlili\u011fi i\u00e7in politikalar ve denge stratejileri olu\u015fturmak neredeyse bir zorunluluk haline gelmi\u015ftir. De\u011fi\u015fen zaman ve teknoloji \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesi ile ilgili i\u015f yerlerinin deste\u011fine ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerilerine daha fazla ihtiya\u00e7 duymas\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir\u00e7ok kurulu\u015f, bir dizi aile veya i\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesi politikalar\u0131 ve programlar\u0131 sunarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n daha fazla dengede sa\u011flamas\u0131na nas\u0131l yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabileceklerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Organizasyonlar\u0131n rekabet edebilmek i\u00e7in en iyi insan kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fe almalar\u0131 ve bu insan kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elinde tutmalar\u0131 \u00e7ok kritik bir mesele haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bunu yapman\u0131n en iyi yolu olarak “\u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar ne ister?” sorusuna cevap aranmakta ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu sorunun cevab\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun ya\u015f\u0131na, cinsiyetine, i\u015fin t\u00fcr\u00fcne, \u0131rk\u0131na vb. bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u201ci\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesi\u201d olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Kurulu\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in daha duyarl\u0131 ve esnek olmaya zorlayan bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almayan kurulu\u015flar, beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc gibi \u00f6nemli bir sorunla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmakta ve profesyonel uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmektedirler.\u00a0Bu a\u00e7\u0131lardan i\u015f ve ya\u015fam dengesi konusunun \u00f6rg\u00fctler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok kritik bir noktada oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte, i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesi sorunlar\u0131yla ilgilenen kurulu\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u00e7in stratejiler olu\u015fturup, uzun vadede rekabet avantaj\u0131 ya\u015famas\u0131na da katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

ILO\u2019nun 2004 y\u0131l\u0131 raporunda\u00a0bu stratejiler\u00a0\u201cesnek zaman, i\u015f payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, yar\u0131 zamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, evde uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftalar\u0131, evden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma programlar\u0131, ebeveynler i\u00e7in daha k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcnleri, \u00fccretli do\u011fum izni, \u00f6l\u00fcm izni, hasta bak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fccretli izin, babal\u0131k izni, \u00e7ocuk bak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015firket y\u00f6nlendirme sistemi, i\u015f yerinde \u00e7ocuk bak\u0131m\u0131, hasta bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olunan ki\u015filer i\u00e7in acil bak\u0131m program\u0131, yeniden giri\u015f plan\u0131, okul tatili s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ocuk bak\u0131m\u0131 programlar\u0131, a\u015famal\u0131 emeklilik, ya\u015fam becerisi programlar\u0131, profesyonel dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k, yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme yard\u0131m\u0131 ve i\u015f ve aile kaynak kiti veya k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u201d\u00a0<\/em>listed as. These strategies have a perspective that supports the difficulties faced by employees in their daily lives and minimizes the psychosocial risks that may occur in the workplace.<\/p>\n

Bu ve benzeri stratejileri kullanan i\u015f yerlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n psikolojik sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na da verdi\u011fi de\u011fer \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fana verilen de\u011fer ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n refah\u0131n\u0131 destekleyecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015f yeri uygulamas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015fine y\u00f6nelik motivasyonunu ve ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olumlu etkileyece\u011fi gibi, \u00fcretkenlik ve verime de olumlu katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Avrupa\u2019da politika \u00f6rnekleri<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sosyal politikalar ve istihdam politikalar\u0131 Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB)\u2019nin hedeflerinde ve politika alanlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. AB, politikalar\u0131n\u0131 ve faaliyetlerini tan\u0131mlarken ve uygularken y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde istihdam, yeterli d\u00fczeyde sosyal koruman\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, sosyal d\u0131\u015flanma ile m\u00fccadele, y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim d\u00fczeyi ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin gereklilikleri de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmaktad\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra politikalar\u0131n\u0131 ve faaliyetlerini tan\u0131mlarken cinsiyete, \u0131rksal ve etnik k\u00f6kene, din ve inanca, ya\u015fa veya cinsel e\u011filime dayal\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131kla m\u00fccadeleyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 \u0130\u015f ve ya\u015fam dengesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Avrupa birli\u011fi politikalar\u0131 uygulama pratikleri ve \u00f6nermeleri de hem \u00fclkeler hem de i\u015f yerleri i\u00e7in yol g\u00f6sterici olmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f ya\u015fam dengesinin boyutlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde Ebeveyn \u0130zni Direktifi, sosyal taraflar\u0131n inisiyatif kullanarak \u00f6zel ve toplu mevzuat olu\u015fturma y\u00f6ntemiyle kabul ettikleri ilk AB arac\u0131d\u0131r. Direktifin iki hedefi vard\u0131r: \u00d6ncelikle erkeklere ve kad\u0131nlara (i\u015f\u00e7ilere) belirli bir ya\u015fa eri\u015fene kadar, sekiz y\u0131la kadar, en az \u00fc\u00e7 ay boyunca \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na bakabilmeleri i\u00e7in ebeveyn izni verilmelidir. Bu s\u00fcre \u00fcye devletler veya sosyal taraflarca belirlenmektedir. Ebeveyn izninin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, yani tam zamanl\u0131 m\u0131 yoksa k\u0131smi zamanl\u0131 m\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, asgari bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresine (bir y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015famaz) tabi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, eri\u015fim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131, ebeveyn izninin i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan ertelenebilece\u011fi durumlar\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fverene bildirimde bulunulmas\u0131 konusunda bir ihbar s\u00fcresi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun gibi unsurlar\u0131 \u00fcye devletler kendileri belirlemektedir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ebeveyn izninin sosyal g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar da \u00fcye devletlerin takdirine b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Direktif \u00fcye devletleri ebeveyn izni s\u00fcresince sa\u011fl\u0131k yard\u0131m\u0131 ve aile yard\u0131m\u0131 gibi sosyal g\u00fcvenlik yard\u0131m\u0131 haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 konusunda te\u015fvik ederek bu konuyu vurguluyor olsa da bu konuda \u00fcye devletlere herhangi bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck dayatmamaktad\u0131r. \u0130kinci olarak ebeveyn izni Direktifi i\u015f\u00e7ilere, hastal\u0131k veya kaza sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve i\u015f\u00e7inin ailevi nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc mevcudiyetini zaruri k\u0131lan zorunlu nedenlere dayanarak izin alma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eurofound (Avrupa Ya\u015fam ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Ko\u015fullar\u0131 Vakf\u0131) taraf\u0131ndan 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Avrupa \u0130\u015f Yeri Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 (ECS 2009), esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi d\u00fczenlemelerine sahip i\u015f yerlerinin finansal olarak daha iyi durumda g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.\u00a0Ayn\u0131 rapor, sosyal diyalo\u011fun, i\u015f yerindeki \u00fcretim sistemini ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n refah\u0131n\u0131 hesaba katarak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131 organizasyonundaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri nas\u0131l ele alabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00d6zellikle ebeveyn sorumluluklar\u0131 ile ilgili olarak i\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesinin iyile\u015ftirilmesi, son yasal de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin veya sosyal ortaklar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin organizasyonuna y\u00f6nelik anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ana itici g\u00fcc\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. \u0130\u015f yeri d\u00fczeyinde, i\u015f\u00e7iye ve i\u015f verene fayda sa\u011flayan yenilik\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi d\u00fczenlemelerine \u00f6rnekler olmu\u015ftur. Asl\u0131nda, baz\u0131 i\u015fletme giri\u015fimleri k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir de\u011fi\u015fimi temsil ediyor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor olsa bile i\u015fverenler hem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n refah\u0131 hem de performanslar\u0131 i\u00e7in olumlu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 kabul ettikleri i\u00e7in, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan dostu esnek d\u00fczenlemelere daha olumlu bakmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00fclkelerle ilgili \u00f6rnekler ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Almanya ve Avusturya, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan dostu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi d\u00fczenlemelerine eri\u015fimi olan nispeten y\u00fcksek bir i\u015f\u00e7i y\u00fczdesine sahiptir. Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131kta esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma talep etme hakk\u0131 Haziran 2014\u2019te y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. Bu, esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi d\u00fczenlemeleri i\u00e7in standart se\u00e7enekleri kapsamaktad\u0131r ve i\u015fveren, bir dizi ticari sebepten dolay\u0131 talebi reddetme hakk\u0131n\u0131 sakl\u0131 tutmaktad\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok i\u015f yeri halihaz\u0131rda i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesi konusunda politikaya sahip oldu\u011fundan, y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131p artt\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 net de\u011fildir. Fransa\u2019da 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda mevzuat\u0131n getirdi\u011fi 35 saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck tart\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi esnekli\u011fi i\u015fletme d\u00fczeyinde sosyal diyalog yoluyla te\u015fvik edilmi\u015f, ancak yeni mevzuatla desteklenmemi\u015ftir. Kuzey Avrupa\u2019da esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi ile ilgili mevzuat veya anla\u015fmalar iyi yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yak\u0131n zamanda \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u0130sve\u00e7\u2019te , merkezi sosyal taraflar\u0131n anla\u015fmalar\u0131yla desteklenen sosyal diyalog yoluyla i\u015f yeri d\u00fczeyinde yeni esnek d\u00fczenlemeler uygulamaya y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalar olmu\u015ftur. Finlandiya\u2019da yerel d\u00fczeydeki toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin \u00e7o\u011fu, i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesini iyile\u015ftirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi d\u00fczenlemeleri geli\u015ftirme f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermekte, ancak bu \u00f6nlemlerin uygulanma bi\u00e7iminde sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130talya\u2019da onaylanan \u0130\u015fler Yasas\u0131 (Jobs Act) ve i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesi ile ilgili taslak yasalar\u0131n, esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi programlar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemesi ve ebeveyn ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in yar\u0131 zamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 te\u015fvik etmesi ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fletmelere toplu pazarl\u0131k yoluyla i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesini ele al\u0131rlarsa, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik primleri i\u00e7in indirim sunulmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130spanya\u2019da (2012) ve Portekiz\u2019de (2009 ve 2012) \u00f6zellikle ebeveynleri etkileyen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi esnekli\u011fine ili\u015fkin yasalar de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Portekiz\u2019de bu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan dostu i\u015f yerleri yani \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi esnekli\u011fi ve ebeveyn izninin farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerinde toplu veya bireysel s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin yap\u0131labilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130talya, Almanya ve Romanya\u2019da tam zamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ge\u00e7i\u015f f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 da tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Slovakya ve Litvanya’da i\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesini iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi d\u00fczenlemeleri uygulayan \u015firketlere ili\u015fkin birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir ve bu giri\u015fimler genellikle toplu pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir sonucu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB), 2003\/88 \/ EC Direktifi\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin uzunlu\u011fu i\u00e7in temel bir yasal \u00e7er\u00e7eve sunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f yerleri ve \u00fclkeler kendi \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re toplu pazarl\u0131k, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin uzunlu\u011funu de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ve organizasyonunu sekt\u00f6rel ve i\u015f yeri d\u00fczeyinde m\u00fczakere etmek i\u00e7in bu yasal \u00e7er\u00e7eveden yararlanmaktad\u0131r. Ebeveyn izni ile ilgili revizyonlar \u00c7er\u00e7eve Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 uygulayan AB 2010 Konsey Direktifi, Avrupa i\u015fveren \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc BUSINESSEUROPE, Avrupa KOB\u0130’leri UEAPME \u015femsiye kurulu\u015f, Kamu Hizmetleri sa\u011flayan Avrupa \u0130\u015fverenler ve \u0130\u015fletmeler Merkezi (CEEP) ve Avrupa Ticaret Birli\u011fi Federasyonu taraf\u0131ndan imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle ebeveyn sorumluluklar\u0131yla ilgili olarak i\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesinin iyile\u015ftirilmesi, son yasal de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin veya sosyal ortaklar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131n\u0131n organizasyonuna yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fmalar\u0131n ana itici g\u00fcc\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. \u0130\u015f yeri d\u00fczeyinde, i\u015f\u00e7iye ve \u015firkete fayda sa\u011flayan yenilik\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi d\u00fczenlemelerine \u00f6rnek olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tart\u0131\u015fma ve \u00f6neriler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu makalede incelenen ba\u015fl\u0131klar, i\u015f ve ya\u015fam dengesi konusunun \u00e7ok boyutlu olarak ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bireysel, \u00f6rg\u00fctsel, ailevi ve toplumsal pek \u00e7ok bile\u015fen i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesi olu\u015fturma konusunda etkili olmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan literat\u00fcr taramalar\u0131 ve elde edilen bilgiler i\u015f ya\u015fam y\u00f6netimi konusunda yap\u0131lan iyile\u015ftirmelerin i\u015f ya\u015fam dengesine katk\u0131da bulunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. \u0130\u015f ya\u015fam dengesi stratejilerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n memnuniyet ve ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olumlu etkiledi\u011fi, \u00f6rg\u00fct a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00fcretime ve verimlili\u011fe katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130\u015f ya\u015fam dengesi programlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131, stratejilerinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar d\u00fczeyinde yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne uygun standartlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu standartlarda hem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n hem de \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn katk\u0131s\u0131 de\u011ferli olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fctler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n refah\u0131n\u0131 destekleyecek iyi uygulamalar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmekten, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar ise s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha fazla \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermekten sorumludur.<\/p>\n

SOURCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Addati, L., & International Labour Organisation. (2016).\u00a0Women at work\u202f: Trends 2016. International Labour Office.<\/p>\n

Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nde Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Hukuku El Kitab\u0131 Handbook on European Social Security Law Technical Assistance for Capacity Building of Social Security Institution, Turkey Funded by European Union and Turkish Republic, EuropeAid\/126747\/D\/SV\/TR<\/p>\n

Bloom, N., & Van Reenen, J. (2006). Management Practices, Work–Life Balance, and Productivity: A Review of Some Recent Evidence.\u00a0Oxford Review of Economic Policy,\u00a022(4), 457\u2013482.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxrep\/grj027<\/a><\/p>\n

Dhas,\u00a0 B.\u00a0 (2015).\u00a0 A\u00a0 Report\u00a0 On\u00a0 The\u00a0 Importance\u00a0 Of\u00a0 Work-Life Balance. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 10(9).<\/p>\n

Dunne, H., & Teg, C. (2007). Puttin Balance into Business-Worklife balance as a business strategy for avoiding brain drain. Strategic HR Review , 6 (6).<\/p>\n

Duxbury, L., & Higgins, C. (2003). Work life conflict in Canada in the new millennium: A status report. Public Health Agency of Canada. Retrieved\u00a0https:\/\/www.phac-aspc.gc.ca\/publicat\/work-travail\/report2\/index.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Friedman, S. D., Sounders, E. G., Bergman, P., & Wademan Dowling, D. (2019).\u00a0HBR guide to work-life balance.\u00a0Harvard Business Review Presss<\/p>\n

Haddon, B. & Hede, A. (2009) Work-Life Balance: In Search of Effective Strategies, Conference Paper<\/p>\n

Hildebrandt, E. (2006) \u201cBalance Between Work and Life-New Corporate Impositions Through Flexible Wor- king Time or Opportunity for Time Sovereignty?\u201d Euro- pean Societies, 8(2): 251-271.<\/p>\n

International Labor Office. (2004). condition of work and employment programs:staggered hours scheme. information sheet, International Labor Office, Geneva.<\/p>\n

K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, R. ve Sakall\u0131, S. \u00d6. (2013) \u201c\u00d6rg\u00fctlerde Stres Kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u0130\u015f-Aile \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00dczerine Etkisi\u201d U\u015fak \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(3):208-237.<\/p>\n

Miller, H. (2006). When Work and Life Balance, Everyone Wins.<\/p>\n

Nam, T. (2013). Technology Use and Work-Life Balance.\u00a0Applied Research in Quality of Life,\u00a09(4), 1017\u20131040.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11482-013-9283-1<\/a><\/p>\n

Raja, S., & Stein, S. (2014). Work\u2013Life Balance: History, Costs, and Budgeting for Balance.\u00a0Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery,\u00a027(02), 071\u2013074.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1376172<\/a><\/p>\n

Vargas Llave, O., & Boehmer, S. (2015, August 10).\u00a0Policies to improve work\u2013life balance. Eurofound.https:\/\/www.eurofound.europa.eu\/publications\/report\/2015\/eu-member-states\/policies-to-improve-work-life-balance<\/p>\n

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\u0130\u015e VE YA\u015eAM DENGES\u0130; \u0130\u015e YER\u0130 STRATEJ\u0130LER\u0130 VE POL\u0130T\u0130KALAR \u00d6ZET Son y\u0131llarda teknoloji ile ilgili h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015flerine evden\/uzaktan eri\u015fimi ile ilgili kolayl\u0131klar i\u015f ve … <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5720,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[248,374,376,377,198,375,378,204],"class_list":["post-2475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-icerikler","tag-is-hayati","tag-is-yasam-dengesi","tag-is-yasam-dengesi-nedir","tag-is-yeri-stratejileri","tag-iyi-olus","tag-ozel-hayat","tag-politikalar","tag-psikososyal-riskler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worknhuman.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2475","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worknhuman.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worknhuman.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worknhuman.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worknhuman.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2475"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/worknhuman.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2475\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11522,"href":"https:\/\/worknhuman.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2475\/revisions\/11522"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worknhuman.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worknhuman.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worknhuman.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worknhuman.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}